Monday, August 25, 2014

Comparing Motor Technologies

By Brian Michael
http://www.achrnews.com/articles/comparing-motor-technologies
The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) industry currently uses a variety of motor technologies in its equipment. The type specified in any product design depends upon several criteria, including the product’s performance goals, positioning, cost and potential application. Historically, the two predominant motor types have been permanent split capacitor (PSC) single-speed motors and 2.3 electronically commutated motors (ECMs) with variable-speed capability. Most HVAC professionals understand the key differences between these two motor types and are comfortable discussing the benefits of one technology over another.

Monday, August 18, 2014

Man Gets Prison Time for Venting R-22

Ohio Man Pleads Guilty to Violating Federal Clean Air Act

http://www.achrnews.com/articles/127297-man-gets-prison-time-for-venting-r-22
An Ohio man is serving time in federal prison for violating the Clean Air Act after police witnessed him cutting the refrigerant line on an air conditioning unit and releasing HCFC-22 into the atmosphere. (Photo courtesy of Chris Hunkeler)
A 35-year-old Columbus, Ohio, man recently pleaded guilty in federal court to violating the Clean Air Act after law enforcement officers witnessed him cutting a refrigerant line on an air conditioning unit and illegally venting hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-22, also known as R-22, into the atmosphere. Martin C. Eldridge III now faces 31 months in federal prison for releasing the refrigerant, which is currently being phased out of production in the U.S. due to its threat to the earth’s ozone layer.

While Eldridge’s conviction seems to be an isolated incident, many are hoping it is a sign the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will be cracking down on individual violations across the country.
Caught Red-handed

According to the office of the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Ohio, Eldridge and others stole at least 49 air conditioning units between August and October 2013 in order to sell the copper and parts for cash. Randall K. Ashe, special agent in charge of the EPA’s Criminal Enforcement Program in Ohio, said Eldridge’s “continual theft of air conditioner parts was illegal and a clear violation of the Clean Air Act.”

Commander Robert Meader, who oversees the property crimes bureau of the Columbus Division of Police, said his officers actually watched Eldridge cut the refrigerant lines. As soon as Meader was notified of the crime, he recognized it as a violation of the Clean Air Act and contacted federal authorities.

“We had covert undercover personnel following him, and, since he’d hit that particular apartment complex before, they waited for him to cut it,” he said. “Once the hydrochlorofluorocarbon were released, Eldridge violated both state and federal codes.”

Eldridge is serving his federal sentence concurrently with the sentence he received for stealing the air conditioning units. He will require court supervision for a year after his release, and was sentenced to 200 hours of community service.
First Time for Everything

For Meader, this is the first time he has seen an individual convicted of violating the federal law.

“Eldridge now has the notoriety of being the first person charged and convicted in the state of Ohio under the Clean Air Act for stealing air conditioners,” he said. “It’s very difficult to get a charge under that.”

While Eldridge was sentenced to prison time, Meader pointed out he wasn’t the only person to be punished under the law.

“At the time [of his arrest], we had 19 area scrapyards, and seven of the 19 didn’t comply with the federal law, so they had to enter into consent decrees with the EPA,” Meader explained. “If you bring an air conditioner into a scrapyard, as the seller, you have to sign a document saying you disposed of the [R-22] in compliance with federal law; not one of our area scrapyards did that. They also have to have equipment that extracts that fluid, and none of our scrapyards did.”

Meader pointed out that for just one violation, the fine is $39,500.

“They all piped up and said, ‘you have my attention,’” he said. But, even with prison time and hefty fines on the line, Meader wasn’t sure if Eldridge’s fate would necessarily keep others from illegally venting R-22, though he said Eldridge is certainly “going to think twice about doing it again.”
Unusual Enforcement

While it is not unheard of for the EPA to enforce the Clean Air Act, Charlie McCrudden, senior vice president of government relations for ACCA, said violations are usually voluntarily reported to the EPA when a leak is discovered — not reported by the police after a suspect has been arrested.

“There’s a lackluster enforcement of Section 608 of the Clean Air Act,” McCrudden said. “In commercial equipment, with a 50-pound charge or above, if there’s a leak in it, you have to report it to the EPA. All emissions are voluntarily reported, and the EPA takes enforcement action, so they’re not going out and finding violations. But, for residential equipment, there isn’t any police force to make sure they’re abiding by the rules.”

McCrudden said the EPA was able to go after Eldridge for the Clean Air Act violation because local law enforcement officers witnessed Eldridge cutting the line and releasing R-22. However, in most cases where an individual is suspected of illegally venting R-22, the evidence is only circumstantial, which makes conviction difficult.

Meanwhile, it’s the law-abiding and responsible HVACR contractors who are suffering from the lack of enforcement, McCrudden said.

“A lot of contractors, or people who purport to be contractors, are deliberately ignoring these rules; they don’t get trained or certified, and they don’t buy the required recovery equipment,” he said. “That puts the playing field in their favor while the upstanding contractor goes through all the regulatory hoops just to be undercut by these people.”

While McCrudden admitted it is really hard to convict someone for violating the 608 rules, he still hoped Eldridge’s conviction would be “a sign of things to come” for the industry.

Publication date: 8/11/2014

Monday, August 11, 2014

Five Ways to Prevent Mold from Invading a Home


August 11, 2014
http://blog.friedrich.com/five-ways-to-prevent-mold-from-invading-a-home/

You may not realize this, but mold is actually a naturally occurring part of nature. If you take a walk in the woods, you will probably see some mold acting as the forest’s recycling system. However, since you probably don’t live in the woods, odds are you don’t want mold in your home either. Here are five ways to prevent mold from infiltrating your home.
Source: Wikimedia Commons
old home Address and fix leaky plumbing – Make repairs to leaky plumbing quickly, especially under toilets and cabinets and in the basement where water can collect out of sight. Also check for damp pipes where condensation is collecting. Wipe these dry whenever you find them and then find proper insulating materials to prevent a recurrence of condensation.
Quickly clean up spilled water – After a spill or a water leak, get water wiped up immediately. If rugs or carpets are involved, make sure that they are given plenty of opportunity to dry before being put back in place. Although not technically a “spill,” it will also help to wipe the shower dry after each use.
Keep an eye on your drip pans – Some of our modern conveniences are an unknown source of pooling water. Make sure that drip pans and drain lines from AC units, refrigerators and ice machines are unobstructed and free-flowing so that water isn’t allowed to collect or pool.
Utilize your exhaust fans – Humidity often builds up in the bathroom, kitchen and laundry room.  Make sure that each of these rooms has proper exterior venting, an exhaust fan to the outside, or a window. Sources of humidity:
  • –Cooking/Boiling Water
  • –Automatic Dishwashers
  • –Showers/Baths
  • –Drying Clothes
Purchase a reliable dehumidifier – The indoor humidity needs to be kept low to prevent mold growth, if possible between 30 and 50 percent. The right dehumidifier – like Friedrich’s Energy Star-designated D50BP with built in drain pump – can pull up to 50 pints of moisture from your home’s air every 24 hours. It can handle damp to extremely damp circumstances, uses regular house current and comes with a 6-foot power cord.

Monday, August 4, 2014

Touting the Benefits of Residential Geothermal HVAC Systems

Industry Groups Educate Homeowners About GHPs


July 28, 2014
Advocates for geothermal technology have been working hard to advance and promote the adoption of geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) across the country. As a result, more homeowners are learning about the energy savings that can be achieved through the use of GHPs and choosing to install these systems in their new or existing houses.
That being said, the industry still has a long way to go before GHPs will be considered mainstream technology, as market penetration is still in the low single digits. But, optimism remains high that the federal government will extend existing tax credits beyond 2016, and local utilities and state governments will start (or continue) offering incentives to encourage homeowners to invest in GHPs.

Surviving and Thriving

The good news about the residential geothermal market is that it survived the recession, and no major manufacturer went out of business, said Doug Dougherty, president and CEO, GeoExchange Organization (GEO), a nonprofit trade group that advocates the economic, energy security, and environmental benefits of GHPs. “We had about 2-3 percent of the residential new home market going into the recession, and coming out, we’re about the same — although it took a while to get back to that point, given the lack of new homes being constructed.”
There was even optimism last year that market share could reach 4-5 percent in 2014, as installations of GHPs were robust in the third and fourth quarters of 2013. Then came the first quarter of 2014, with the worst winter in years, causing new home sales to grind to a halt.
“We had a very poor first quarter, and a lot of our units didn’t go in because nothing was being constructed,” said Dougherty. “However, I have talked with some of our larger driller members about how many jobs they lost as a result of the weather, and all of them said the jobs were just postponed, not canceled. Everything ground to a halt because they couldn’t get their drilling rigs in. We believe there is going to be some catch up this spring and summer, and the second and third quarters of this year are going to be very good.”

Driving Interest

One major issue currently driving interest in GHPs is the desire of some homeowners to move away from heating equipment utilizing fossil fuels. “This was highlighted by the harsh winter, which resulted in high costs and/or propane shortages,” said Patrick Hughes, director, Buildings Program and Building Technologies Research & Integration Center (BTRIC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which facilitates scientific discoveries and technical breakthroughs that accelerate the development and deployment of solutions in building energy efficiency.
In fact, the desire to move away from propane is expected to be a major driver in the GHP retrofit market this year, as those sky-high bills from last winter are still on the minds of many homeowners. Some in the geothermal industry are advertising aggressively to these homeowners, coining the term “pro-pain,” in order to encourage them to switch to GHPs.
Propane users should seriously consider switching to a GHP because the shortage of propane and the resulting price hikes will occur again, with more frequency, said Dougherty. “The price volatility of propane is going to be out there because of the demand for natural gas. Propane is a derivative of natural gas. As coal-fired plants come under more regulation, we’re going to see more natural gas used to generate electricity. That’s going to drive up the cost of propane again, so we think the retrofit market for propane furnaces is pretty ripe for us and that we’re going to see a lot of retrofits before next winter.”

Death and Taxes

The federal tax credits are also driving the market, along with the states, utilities, and cooperatives offering incentives for geothermal installations, said Bob Ingersoll, director, International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA), a nonprofit organization that advances GHP technology on local, state, national, and international levels. “With the interest from local energy providers, homeowners are inquiring about incentives for installing these energy-efficient systems, which have shown a payback period of five to seven years.”
These incentives are still necessary, as the high first cost is the primary barrier to GHPs becoming more mainstream, said Hughes. “Also, in many geographic areas, the installation and after-sales service infrastructure is weak or lacking. In these areas, it is not easy to source a system, and one-off pricing can make it difficult for even a motivated customer to justify the high cost.”
That is why GEO is working diligently to make sure the federal tax credits are extended, as well as introducing legislation to include GHPs in the federal definition of clean energy. “If we can change the federal definition, we can use that to help us change states’ definitions, creating a new path for utilities to earn renewable credits with GHPs,” said Dougherty.
The incentives for utilities are significant, noted Ingersoll, as geothermal units reduce the peak load on their grids. “Research has shown that every ton of installed GHP results in more than 0.5 kW in demand reduction. The industry needs to help bring awareness about the technology by reaching out to state and central agencies’ decision makers regarding tax incentives.”
Some utilities are embracing GHPs, such as Western Farmers Electric Cooperative, Anadarko, Oklahoma, which is spearheading a unique program to help bring awareness about GHPs in Oklahoma and parts of New Mexico, Kansas, and Texas, said Ingersoll. “The GoGoGeo Challengehas a goal of showing 25,000 homeowners the potential savings that can be achieved through the use of a ground-source heat pump. We are looking to help expand programs like the GoGoGeo Challenge to include other entities where we can group retrofits and promote thermal service agreements to help alleviate the first-cost issue of ground-source heat pumps.”
But, overall, utilities continue to underestimate the value of GHPs, said Dougherty, and if they fail to recognize its benefits, others will step in and take away that opportunity from them. “There are progressive developers out there right now who have figured out they can make money off the geothermal exchange in the ground. In one new subdivision, the developer is installing a common loop field and GHPs for 7,500 homes and then charging the homeowners a monthly tariff for energy service. That type of arrangement is really going to move the market.”
That being said, the barriers to the widespread adoption of GHPs remain the same as they have for the last 30 years, said Dougherty.
“Lack of consumer awareness, lack of builder adoption, and lack of utility support. Although we have a much better infrastructure of distributors and dealers, we still don’t have a level of business infrastructure to promote the technology. But, I am an eternal optimist, and I believe the higher cost of energy will move people toward GHPs. In the retrofit and new home construction markets, we’re going to see a fairly significant increase in market penetration over the next three to five years.”
Publication date: 7/28/2014